diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 63cf756..6aca7d5 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ script:
  - 'which build-wrapper-linux-x86-64 && build-wrapper-linux-x86-64 --out-dir bw-output make -j 2 || make -j 2'
  - set -o pipefail
  - tests/run-parallel-tests.sh tests/all_tests
- - "tests/api 2>&1 | grep -vE 'callback result 9|remote_calc->add. 4, 5 .: 9|set callback|] \\.$'"
  - tests/hmac_test 2>&1 | cat
  - tests/ecc_test README.md 2>&1 | cat
  - 'find CMakeFiles/fc.dir -type d | while read d; do gcov -o "$d" "${d/CMakeFiles*.dir/./}"/*.cpp; done >/dev/null'
diff --git a/include/fc/api.hpp b/include/fc/api.hpp
index 3f68750..5e582ad 100644
--- a/include/fc/api.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/api.hpp
@@ -13,13 +13,91 @@
 #endif
 
 namespace fc {
-  struct identity_member { 
+  namespace detail {
+    /// This metafunction determines whether its template argument is an instantiation of fc::optional
+    template<typename T> struct is_optional : public std::false_type {};
+    template<typename T> struct is_optional<fc::optional<T>> : public std::true_type {};
+    /// This metafunction determines whether all of its template arguments are instantiations of fc::optional
+    template<typename... Ts> struct all_optionals;
+    template<> struct all_optionals<> : public std::true_type {};
+    template<typename T, typename... Ts> struct all_optionals<T, Ts...> : public std::false_type {};
+    template<typename T, typename... Ts> struct all_optionals<fc::optional<T>, Ts...> : public all_optionals<Ts...> {};
+
+    /// A wrapper of std::function allowing callers to omit the last several arguments if those arguments are
+    /// fc::optional types. i.e. given a function taking (int, double, bool, fc::optional<string>, fc::optional<char>),
+    /// whereas normally the last two arguments must be provided, this template allows them to be omitted.
+    /// Note that this only applies to trailing optional arguments, i.e. given a callable taking
+    /// (fc::optional<int>, int, fc::optional<int>), only the last argument can be omitted.
+    ///
+    /// A discussion of how exactly this works is available here:
+    /// https://github.com/bitshares/bitshares-fc/pull/126#issuecomment-490566060
+    template<typename R, typename... Parameters>
+    struct optionals_callable : public std::function<R(Parameters...)> {
+       using std::function<R(Parameters...)>::operator();
+
+       template<typename... CutList>
+       struct short_pack {};
+       /// This metafunction removes the first several types from a variadic parameter pack of types.
+       /// The first parameter is the number of arguments to remove from the beginning of the pack.
+       /// All subsequent parameters are types in the list to be cut
+       /// The result pack_cutter<...>::type is a short_pack<RemainingTypes>
+       template<unsigned RemoveCount, typename... Types>
+       struct pack_cutter;
+       template<unsigned RemoveCount, typename, typename... Types>
+       struct pack_cutter_impl;
+       template<typename... Types>
+       struct pack_cutter_impl<0, void, Types...> {
+           static_assert(all_optionals<Types...>::value, "All omitted arguments must correspond to optional parameters.");
+           using type = short_pack<Types...>;
+       };
+       template<unsigned RemoveCount, typename T, typename... Types>
+       struct pack_cutter_impl<RemoveCount, std::enable_if_t<RemoveCount != 0>, T, Types...>
+               : public pack_cutter_impl<RemoveCount - 1, void, Types...> {};
+       template<unsigned RemoveCount, typename... Types>
+       struct pack_cutter : public pack_cutter_impl<RemoveCount, void, Types...> {};
+       template<unsigned RemoveCount, typename... Types>
+       using pack_cutter_t = typename pack_cutter<RemoveCount, Types...>::type;
+
+       template<typename F, typename... OptionalTypes>
+       R call_function(F&& f, short_pack<OptionalTypes...>) {
+           return f(OptionalTypes()...);
+       }
+
+       /// Overload the function call operator, enabled if the caller provides fewer arguments than there are parameters.
+       /// Pads out the provided arguments with default-constructed optionals, checking that they are indeed optional types
+       template<class... Args>
+       std::enable_if_t<sizeof...(Args) < sizeof...(Parameters), R> operator()(Args... args) {
+           // Partially apply with the arguments provided
+           auto partial_function = [this, &args...](auto&&... rest) {
+               return (*this)(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)..., std::move(rest)...);
+           };
+           // Cut the provided arguments' types out of the Parameters list, and store the rest in a dummy type
+           pack_cutter_t<sizeof...(Args), std::decay_t<Parameters>...> dummy;
+           // Pass the partially applied function and the dummy type to another function which can deduce the optional
+           // types and call the function with default instantiations of those types
+           return call_function(std::move(partial_function), dummy);
+       }
+    };
+  }
+
+  // This is no longer used and probably no longer can be used without generalizing the infrastructure around it, but I
+  // kept it because it is informative.
+//  struct identity_member {
+//       template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
+//       static std::function<R(Args...)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...) );
+//       template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
+//       static std::function<R(Args...)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...)const );
+//  };
+  /// Used as the Transform template parameter for APIs, this type has two main purposes: first, it reads the argument
+  /// list and return type of a method into template parameters; and second, it uses those types in conjunction with the
+  /// optionals_callable template above to create a function pointer which supports optional arguments.
+  struct identity_member_with_optionals {
        template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
-       static std::function<R(Args...)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...) );
+       static detail::optionals_callable<R, Args...> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...) );
        template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
-       static std::function<R(Args...)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...)const );
+       static detail::optionals_callable<R, Args...> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...)const );
   };
-   
+
   template< typename Interface, typename Transform  >
   struct vtable  : public std::enable_shared_from_this<vtable<Interface,Transform>> 
   { private: vtable(); };
@@ -57,13 +135,13 @@ namespace fc {
 
         // defined in api_connection.hpp
         template< typename T >
-        api<T, identity_member> as();
+        api<T, identity_member_with_optionals> as();
   };
   typedef std::shared_ptr< api_base > api_ptr;
 
   class api_connection;
 
-  template<typename Interface, typename Transform = identity_member >
+  template<typename Interface, typename Transform = identity_member_with_optionals >
   class api : public api_base {
     public:
       typedef vtable<Interface,Transform> vtable_type;
diff --git a/include/fc/network/http/websocket.hpp b/include/fc/network/http/websocket.hpp
index 8837057..11db65c 100644
--- a/include/fc/network/http/websocket.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/network/http/websocket.hpp
@@ -50,8 +50,12 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
          void on_connection( const on_connection_handler& handler);
          void listen( uint16_t port );
          void listen( const fc::ip::endpoint& ep );
+         uint16_t get_listening_port();
          void start_accept();
 
+         void stop_listening();
+         void close();
+
       private:
          friend class detail::websocket_server_impl;
          std::unique_ptr<detail::websocket_server_impl> my;
@@ -83,6 +87,9 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
 
          websocket_connection_ptr connect( const std::string& uri );
          websocket_connection_ptr secure_connect( const std::string& uri );
+
+         void close();
+         void synchronous_close();
       private:
          std::unique_ptr<detail::websocket_client_impl> my;
          std::unique_ptr<detail::websocket_tls_client_impl> smy;
diff --git a/include/fc/rpc/api_connection.hpp b/include/fc/rpc/api_connection.hpp
index 055f6dd..8e1df24 100644
--- a/include/fc/rpc/api_connection.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/rpc/api_connection.hpp
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ namespace fc {
       template<typename R, typename Arg0, typename ... Args>
       std::function<R(Args...)> bind_first_arg( const std::function<R(Arg0,Args...)>& f, Arg0 a0 )
       {
-         return [=]( Args... args ) { return f( a0, args... ); };
+         // Capture a0 this way because of a {compiler,fc,???} bug that causes optional<bool>() to be incorrectly
+         // captured as optional<bool>(false).
+         return [f, a0 = std::decay_t<Arg0>(a0)]( Args... args ) { return f( a0, args... ); };
       }
       template<typename R>
       R call_generic( const std::function<R()>& f, variants::const_iterator a0, variants::const_iterator e, uint32_t max_depth = 1 )
@@ -44,9 +46,11 @@ namespace fc {
       template<typename R, typename Arg0, typename ... Args>
       R call_generic( const std::function<R(Arg0,Args...)>& f, variants::const_iterator a0, variants::const_iterator e, uint32_t max_depth )
       {
-         FC_ASSERT( a0 != e );
+         bool optional_args = all_optionals<std::decay_t<Arg0>, std::decay_t<Args>...>::value;
+         FC_ASSERT( a0 != e || optional_args );
          FC_ASSERT( max_depth > 0, "Recursion depth exceeded!" );
-         return call_generic<R,Args...>( bind_first_arg<R,Arg0,Args...>( f, a0->as< typename std::decay<Arg0>::type >( max_depth - 1 ) ), a0+1, e, max_depth - 1 );
+         auto arg = (a0 == e)? std::decay_t<Arg0>() : a0->as<std::decay_t<Arg0>>(max_depth - 1);
+         return call_generic<R,Args...>( bind_first_arg<R,Arg0,Args...>( f, arg ), a0+1, e, max_depth - 1 );
       }
 
       template<typename R, typename ... Args>
@@ -137,7 +141,9 @@ namespace fc {
          template<typename R, typename Arg0, typename ... Args>
          std::function<R(Args...)> bind_first_arg( const std::function<R(Arg0,Args...)>& f, Arg0 a0 )const
          {
-            return [=]( Args... args ) { return f( a0, args... ); };
+            // Capture a0 this way because of a {compiler,fc,???} bug that causes optional<bool>() to be incorrectly
+            // captured as optional<bool>(false).
+            return [f, a0 = std::decay_t<Arg0>(a0)]( Args... args ) { return f( a0, args... ); };
          }
 
          template<typename R>
@@ -172,9 +178,11 @@ namespace fc {
          template<typename R, typename Arg0, typename ... Args>
          R call_generic( const std::function<R(Arg0,Args...)>& f, variants::const_iterator a0, variants::const_iterator e, uint32_t max_depth )
          {
-            FC_ASSERT( a0 != e, "too few arguments passed to method" );
+            bool optional_args = detail::all_optionals<std::decay_t<Arg0>, std::decay_t<Args>...>::value;
+            FC_ASSERT( a0 != e || optional_args, "too few arguments passed to method" );
             FC_ASSERT( max_depth > 0, "Recursion depth exceeded!" );
-            return  call_generic<R,Args...>( this->bind_first_arg<R,Arg0,Args...>( f, a0->as< typename std::decay<Arg0>::type >( max_depth - 1 ) ), a0+1, e, max_depth - 1 );
+            auto arg = (a0 == e)? std::decay_t<Arg0>() : a0->as<std::decay_t<Arg0>>(max_depth - 1);
+            return  call_generic<R,Args...>( this->bind_first_arg<R,Arg0,Args...>( f, arg ), a0+1, e, max_depth - 1 );
          }
 
          struct api_visitor
diff --git a/src/network/http/websocket.cpp b/src/network/http/websocket.cpp
index 81aa873..6d479bf 100644
--- a/src/network/http/websocket.cpp
+++ b/src/network/http/websocket.cpp
@@ -214,7 +214,6 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
                        auto current_con = _connections.find(hdl);
                        assert( current_con != _connections.end() );
                        wdump(("server")(msg->get_payload()));
-                       //std::cerr<<"recv: "<<msg->get_payload()<<"\n";
                        auto payload = msg->get_payload();
                        std::shared_ptr<websocket_connection> con = current_con->second;
                        ++_pending_messages;
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
                if( _server.is_listening() )
                   _server.stop_listening();
 
-               if( _connections.size() )
+               if ( _connections.size() )
                   _closed = new fc::promise<void>();
 
                auto cpy_con = _connections;
@@ -431,6 +430,7 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
 
       typedef websocket_client_type::connection_ptr  websocket_client_connection_type;
       typedef websocket_tls_client_type::connection_ptr  websocket_tls_client_connection_type;
+      using websocketpp::connection_hdl;
 
       class websocket_client_impl
       {
@@ -484,6 +484,7 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
             websocket_client_type              _client;
             websocket_connection_ptr           _connection;
             std::string                        _uri;
+            fc::optional<connection_hdl>       _hdl;
       };
 
 
@@ -625,13 +626,29 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
    }
    void websocket_server::listen( const fc::ip::endpoint& ep )
    {
-      my->_server.listen( boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint( boost::asio::ip::address_v4(uint32_t(ep.get_address())),ep.port()) );
+       my->_server.listen( boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint( boost::asio::ip::address_v4(uint32_t(ep.get_address())),ep.port()) );
+   }
+
+   uint16_t websocket_server::get_listening_port()
+   {
+       websocketpp::lib::asio::error_code ec;
+       return my->_server.get_local_endpoint(ec).port();
    }
 
    void websocket_server::start_accept() {
-      my->_server.start_accept();
+       my->_server.start_accept();
    }
 
+   void websocket_server::stop_listening()
+   {
+       my->_server.stop_listening();
+   }
+
+   void websocket_server::close()
+   {
+       for (auto& connection : my->_connections)
+           my->_server.close(connection.first, websocketpp::close::status::normal, "Goodbye");
+   }
 
 
 
@@ -678,6 +695,7 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
        my->_connected = fc::promise<void>::ptr( new fc::promise<void>("websocket::connect") );
 
        my->_client.set_open_handler( [=]( websocketpp::connection_hdl hdl ){
+          my->_hdl = hdl;
           auto con =  my->_client.get_con_from_hdl(hdl);
           my->_connection = std::make_shared<detail::websocket_connection_impl<detail::websocket_client_connection_type>>( con );
           my->_closed = fc::promise<void>::ptr( new fc::promise<void>("websocket::closed") );
@@ -717,7 +735,20 @@ namespace fc { namespace http {
        smy->_client.connect(con);
        smy->_connected->wait();
        return smy->_connection;
-   } FC_CAPTURE_AND_RETHROW( (uri) ) }
+       } FC_CAPTURE_AND_RETHROW( (uri) ) }
+
+   void websocket_client::close()
+   {
+       if (my->_hdl)
+           my->_client.close(*my->_hdl, websocketpp::close::status::normal, "Goodbye");
+   }
+
+   void websocket_client::synchronous_close()
+   {
+       close();
+       if (my->_closed)
+          my->_closed->wait();
+   }
 
    websocket_connection_ptr websocket_tls_client::connect( const std::string& uri )
    { try {
diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index e968bb3..9e395c3 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-
-add_executable( api api.cpp )
-target_link_libraries( api fc )
-
 if( ECC_IMPL STREQUAL secp256k1 )
     add_executable( blind all_tests.cpp crypto/blind.cpp )
     target_link_libraries( blind fc )
@@ -55,5 +51,6 @@ add_executable( all_tests all_tests.cpp
                           utf8_test.cpp
                           variant_test.cpp
                           logging_tests.cpp
+                          api_tests.cpp
                           )
 target_link_libraries( all_tests fc )
diff --git a/tests/api.cpp b/tests/api.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index fbe42f2..0000000
--- a/tests/api.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-#include <fc/api.hpp>
-#include <fc/log/logger.hpp>
-#include <fc/rpc/api_connection.hpp>
-#include <fc/rpc/websocket_api.hpp>
-
-class calculator
-{
-   public:
-      int32_t add( int32_t a, int32_t b ); // not implemented
-      int32_t sub( int32_t a, int32_t b ); // not implemented
-      void    on_result( const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb );
-      void    on_result2( const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb, int test );
-};
-
-FC_API( calculator, (add)(sub)(on_result)(on_result2) )
-
-
-class login_api
-{
-   public:
-      fc::api<calculator> get_calc()const
-      {
-         FC_ASSERT( calc );
-         return *calc;
-      }
-      fc::optional<fc::api<calculator>> calc;
-      std::set<std::string> test( const std::string&, const std::string& ) { return std::set<std::string>(); }
-};
-FC_API( login_api, (get_calc)(test) );
-
-using namespace fc;
-
-class some_calculator
-{
-   public:
-      int32_t add( int32_t a, int32_t b ) { wlog("."); if( _cb ) _cb(a+b); return a+b; }
-      int32_t sub( int32_t a, int32_t b ) {  wlog(".");if( _cb ) _cb(a-b); return a-b; }
-      void    on_result( const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb ) { wlog( "set callback" ); _cb = cb;  return ; }
-      void    on_result2(  const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb, int test ){}
-      std::function<void(int32_t)> _cb;
-};
-class variant_calculator
-{
-   public:
-      double add( fc::variant a, fc::variant b ) { return a.as_double()+b.as_double(); }
-      double sub( fc::variant a, fc::variant b ) { return a.as_double()-b.as_double(); }
-      void    on_result( const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb ) { wlog("set callback"); _cb = cb; return ; }
-      void    on_result2(  const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb, int test ){}
-      std::function<void(int32_t)> _cb;
-};
-
-using namespace fc::http;
-using namespace fc::rpc;
-
-#define MAX_DEPTH 10
-
-int main( int argc, char** argv )
-{
-   try {
-      fc::api<calculator> calc_api( std::make_shared<some_calculator>() );
-
-      fc::http::websocket_server server;
-      server.on_connection([&]( const websocket_connection_ptr& c ){
-               auto wsc = std::make_shared<websocket_api_connection>(c, MAX_DEPTH);
-               auto login = std::make_shared<login_api>();
-               login->calc = calc_api;
-               wsc->register_api(fc::api<login_api>(login));
-               c->set_session_data( wsc );
-          });
-
-      server.listen( 8090 );
-      server.start_accept();
-
-      for( uint32_t i = 0; i < 5000; ++i )
-      {
-         try { 
-            fc::http::websocket_client client;
-            auto con  = client.connect( "ws://localhost:8090" );
-            auto apic = std::make_shared<websocket_api_connection>(con, MAX_DEPTH);
-            auto remote_login_api = apic->get_remote_api<login_api>();
-            auto remote_calc = remote_login_api->get_calc();
-            remote_calc->on_result( []( uint32_t r ) { elog( "callback result ${r}", ("r",r) ); } );
-            wdump((remote_calc->add( 4, 5 )));
-         } catch ( const fc::exception& e )
-         {
-            edump((e.to_detail_string()));
-         }
-      }
-      wlog( "exit scope" );
-   } 
-   catch( const fc::exception& e )
-   {
-      edump((e.to_detail_string()));
-   }
-   wlog( "returning now..." );
-   
-   return 0;
-
-   some_calculator calc;
-   variant_calculator vcalc;
-
-   fc::api<calculator> api_calc( &calc );
-   fc::api<calculator> api_vcalc( &vcalc );
-   fc::api<calculator> api_nested_calc( api_calc );
-
-   wdump( (api_calc->add(5,4)) );
-   wdump( (api_calc->sub(5,4)) );
-   wdump( (api_vcalc->add(5,4)) );
-   wdump( (api_vcalc->sub(5,4)) );
-   wdump( (api_nested_calc->sub(5,4)) );
-   wdump( (api_nested_calc->sub(5,4)) );
-
-   /*
-   variants v = { 4, 5 };
-   auto g = to_generic( api_calc->add );
-   auto r = call_generic( api_calc->add, v.begin(), v.end() );
-   wdump((r));
-   wdump( (g(v)) );
-   */
-
-   /*
-   try {
-      fc::api_server server;
-      auto api_id = server.register_api( api_calc );
-      wdump( (api_id) );
-      auto result = server.call( api_id, "add", {4, 5} );
-      wdump( (result) );
-   } catch ( const fc::exception& e )
-   {
-      elog( "${e}", ("e",e.to_detail_string() ) );
-   }
-
-   ilog( "------------------ NESTED TEST --------------" );
-   try {
-      login_api napi_impl;
-      napi_impl.calc = api_calc;
-      fc::api<login_api>  napi(&napi_impl);
-
-      fc::api_server server;
-      auto api_id = server.register_api( napi );
-      wdump( (api_id) );
-      auto result = server.call( api_id, "get_calc" );
-      wdump( (result) );
-      result = server.call( result.as_uint64(), "add", {4,5} );
-      wdump( (result) );
-
-
-      fc::api<api_server> serv( &server );
-
-      fc::api_client<login_api> apic( serv );
-
-      fc::api<login_api> remote_api = apic;
-
-
-      auto remote_calc = remote_api->get_calc();
-      int r = remote_calc->add( 4, 5 );
-      idump( (r) );
-
-   } catch ( const fc::exception& e )
-   {
-      elog( "${e}", ("e",e.to_detail_string() ) );
-   }
-   */
-
-   ilog( "------------------ NESTED TEST --------------" );
-   try {
-      login_api napi_impl;
-      napi_impl.calc = api_calc;
-      fc::api<login_api>  napi(&napi_impl);
-
-
-      auto client_side = std::make_shared<local_api_connection>(MAX_DEPTH);
-      auto server_side = std::make_shared<local_api_connection>(MAX_DEPTH);
-      server_side->set_remote_connection( client_side );
-      client_side->set_remote_connection( server_side );
-
-      server_side->register_api( napi );
-
-      fc::api<login_api> remote_api = client_side->get_remote_api<login_api>();
-
-      auto remote_calc = remote_api->get_calc();
-      int r = remote_calc->add( 4, 5 );
-      idump( (r) );
-
-   } catch ( const fc::exception& e )
-   {
-      elog( "${e}", ("e",e.to_detail_string() ) );
-   }
-
-   return 0;
-}
diff --git a/tests/api_tests.cpp b/tests/api_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0902492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/api_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include <fc/api.hpp>
+#include <fc/log/logger.hpp>
+#include <fc/rpc/api_connection.hpp>
+#include <fc/rpc/websocket_api.hpp>
+
+class calculator
+{
+   public:
+      int32_t add( int32_t a, int32_t b ); // not implemented
+      int32_t sub( int32_t a, int32_t b ); // not implemented
+      void    on_result( const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb );
+      void    on_result2( const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb, int test );
+};
+
+FC_API( calculator, (add)(sub)(on_result)(on_result2) )
+
+
+class login_api
+{
+   public:
+      fc::api<calculator> get_calc()const
+      {
+         FC_ASSERT( calc );
+         return *calc;
+      }
+      fc::optional<fc::api<calculator>> calc;
+      std::set<std::string> test( const std::string&, const std::string& ) { return std::set<std::string>(); }
+};
+FC_API( login_api, (get_calc)(test) );
+
+
+class optionals_api
+{
+public:
+    std::string foo( const std::string& first, const fc::optional<std::string>& second,
+                     const fc::optional<std::string>& third ) {
+        return fc::json::to_string(fc::variants{first, {second, 2}, {third, 2}});
+    }
+};
+FC_API( optionals_api, (foo) );
+
+using namespace fc;
+
+class some_calculator
+{
+   public:
+      int32_t add( int32_t a, int32_t b ) { wlog("."); if( _cb ) _cb(a+b); return a+b; }
+      int32_t sub( int32_t a, int32_t b ) {  wlog(".");if( _cb ) _cb(a-b); return a-b; }
+      void    on_result( const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb ) { wlog( "set callback" ); _cb = cb;  return ; }
+      void    on_result2(  const std::function<void(int32_t)>& cb, int test ){}
+      std::function<void(int32_t)> _cb;
+};
+
+using namespace fc::http;
+using namespace fc::rpc;
+
+#define MAX_DEPTH 10
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(api_tests)
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(login_test) {
+   try {
+      fc::api<calculator> calc_api( std::make_shared<some_calculator>() );
+
+      auto server = std::make_shared<fc::http::websocket_server>();
+      server->on_connection([&]( const websocket_connection_ptr& c ){
+               auto wsc = std::make_shared<websocket_api_connection>(c, MAX_DEPTH);
+               auto login = std::make_shared<login_api>();
+               login->calc = calc_api;
+               wsc->register_api(fc::api<login_api>(login));
+               c->set_session_data( wsc );
+          });
+
+      server->listen( 0 );
+      auto listen_port = server->get_listening_port();
+      server->start_accept();
+
+      auto client = std::make_shared<fc::http::websocket_client>();
+      auto con  = client->connect( "ws://localhost:" + std::to_string(listen_port) );
+      server->stop_listening();
+      auto apic = std::make_shared<websocket_api_connection>(con, MAX_DEPTH);
+      auto remote_login_api = apic->get_remote_api<login_api>();
+      auto remote_calc = remote_login_api->get_calc();
+      bool remote_triggered = false;
+      remote_calc->on_result( [&remote_triggered]( uint32_t r ) { remote_triggered = true; } );
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(remote_calc->add( 4, 5 ), 9);
+      BOOST_CHECK(remote_triggered);
+
+      client->synchronous_close();
+      server->close();
+      fc::usleep(fc::milliseconds(50));
+      client.reset();
+      server.reset();
+   } FC_LOG_AND_RETHROW()
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(optionals_test) {
+   try {
+      auto optionals = std::make_shared<optionals_api>();
+      fc::api<optionals_api> oapi(optionals);
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(oapi->foo("a"), "[\"a\",null,null]");
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(oapi->foo("a", "b"), "[\"a\",\"b\",null]");
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(oapi->foo("a", "b", "c"), "[\"a\",\"b\",\"c\"]");
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(oapi->foo("a", {}, "c"), "[\"a\",null,\"c\"]");
+
+      auto server = std::make_shared<fc::http::websocket_server>();
+      server->on_connection([&]( const websocket_connection_ptr& c ){
+               auto wsc = std::make_shared<websocket_api_connection>(c, MAX_DEPTH);
+               wsc->register_api(fc::api<optionals_api>(optionals));
+               c->set_session_data( wsc );
+          });
+
+      server->listen( 0 );
+      auto listen_port = server->get_listening_port();
+      server->start_accept();
+
+      auto client = std::make_shared<fc::http::websocket_client>();
+      auto con  = client->connect( "ws://localhost:" + std::to_string(listen_port) );
+      server->stop_listening();
+      auto apic = std::make_shared<websocket_api_connection>(con, MAX_DEPTH);
+      auto remote_optionals = apic->get_remote_api<optionals_api>();
+
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(remote_optionals->foo("a"), "[\"a\",null,null]");
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(remote_optionals->foo("a", "b"), "[\"a\",\"b\",null]");
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(remote_optionals->foo("a", "b", "c"), "[\"a\",\"b\",\"c\"]");
+      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(remote_optionals->foo("a", {}, "c"), "[\"a\",null,\"c\"]");
+
+      client->synchronous_close();
+      server->close();
+      fc::usleep(fc::milliseconds(50));
+      client.reset();
+      server.reset();
+   } FC_LOG_AND_RETHROW()
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
diff --git a/tests/network/http/websocket_test.cpp b/tests/network/http/websocket_test.cpp
index 10068b0..8c726e5 100644
--- a/tests/network/http/websocket_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/network/http/websocket_test.cpp
@@ -20,21 +20,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(websocket_test)
                 });
             });
 
-        bool listen_ok = false;
-        for( int i = 0; !listen_ok && i < 5; ++i )
-        {
-           port = std::rand() % 50000 + 10000;
-           try
-           {
-              server.listen( port );
-              listen_ok = true;
-           }
-           catch( std::exception& ignore )
-           {
-              // if the port is busy, listen() will throw a std::exception, do nothing here.
-           }
-        }
-        BOOST_REQUIRE( listen_ok );
+        server.listen( 0 );
+        port = server.get_listening_port();
 
         server.start_accept();
 
@@ -44,49 +31,27 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(websocket_test)
                     echo = s;
                 });
         c_conn->send_message( "hello world" );
-        fc::usleep( fc::seconds(1) );
+        fc::usleep( fc::milliseconds(100) );
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("echo: hello world", echo);
         c_conn->send_message( "again" );
-        fc::usleep( fc::seconds(1) );
+        fc::usleep( fc::milliseconds(100) );
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("echo: again", echo);
 
         s_conn->close(0, "test");
-        fc::usleep( fc::seconds(1) );
-        try {
-            c_conn->send_message( "again" );
-            BOOST_FAIL("expected assertion failure");
-        } catch (const fc::exception& e) {
-            //std::cerr << e.to_string() << "\n";
-        }
+        fc::usleep( fc::milliseconds(100) );
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(c_conn->send_message( "again" ), fc::exception);
 
         c_conn = client.connect( "ws://localhost:" + fc::to_string(port) );
         c_conn->on_message_handler([&](const std::string& s){
                     echo = s;
                 });
         c_conn->send_message( "hello world" );
-        fc::usleep( fc::seconds(1) );
+        fc::usleep( fc::milliseconds(100) );
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("echo: hello world", echo);
     }
 
-    try {
-        c_conn->send_message( "again" );
-        BOOST_FAIL("expected assertion failure");
-    } catch (const fc::assert_exception& e) {
-        std::cerr << "Expected assertion failure : " << e.to_string() << "\n";
-    } catch (const fc::exception& e) {
-        BOOST_FAIL("Unexpected exception : " + e.to_string());
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-        BOOST_FAIL("Unexpected exception : " + std::string(e.what()));
-    }
-
-    try {
-        c_conn = client.connect( "ws://localhost:" + fc::to_string(port) );
-        BOOST_FAIL("expected fc::exception (fail to connect)");
-    } catch (const fc::exception& e) {
-        std::cerr << "Excepted fc::exception : " << e.to_string() << "\n";
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-        BOOST_FAIL("Unexpected exception : " + std::string(e.what()));
-    }
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(c_conn->send_message( "again" ), fc::assert_exception);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(client.connect( "ws://localhost:" + fc::to_string(port) ), fc::exception);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()