diff --git a/include/fc/actor.hpp b/include/fc/actor.hpp
index 558e951..2b26f6a 100644
--- a/include/fc/actor.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/actor.hpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace fc {
     struct actor_member { 
         // TODO: expand for all method arity and constness....
         template<typename R, typename C, typename A1, typename P>
-        static fc::function<fc::future<R>(A1)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(A1), fc::thread* t = nullptr) {
+        static std::function<fc::future<R>(A1)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(A1), fc::thread* t = nullptr) {
           return [=](A1 a1){ return t->async( [=](){ return (p->*mem_func)(a1); } ); };
         }
     };
diff --git a/include/fc/function.hpp b/include/fc/function.hpp
index cb1c0d5..6aec96e 100644
--- a/include/fc/function.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/function.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+#if 0
 #pragma once
 #include <fc/utility.hpp>
 #include <fc/shared_ptr.hpp>
-
 namespace fc {
 template<typename R,typename ... Args>
 class function {
@@ -108,4 +108,5 @@ class function<R(A1,A2,A3)> : public function<R,A1,A2,A3> {
 };
 
 }
+#endif
 
diff --git a/include/fc/json_rpc_client.hpp b/include/fc/json_rpc_client.hpp
index c97b391..826428b 100644
--- a/include/fc/json_rpc_client.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/json_rpc_client.hpp
@@ -9,21 +9,36 @@
 
 
 namespace fc { namespace json {
-        //static std::function<fc::future<R>( BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,A) ) >  
 
   namespace detail {
     struct rpc_member {
-        #define RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR(z,n,IS_CONST) \
-        template<typename R, typename C, typename P BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS( n, typename A)> \
-        static fc::function<fc::future<R> BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(n,A) > \
-            functor( P, R (C::*mem_func)(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,A)) IS_CONST,  \
-                      const rpc_connection::ptr& c = rpc_connection::ptr(), const char* name = nullptr ) { \
-            return [=](BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(n,A,a))->fc::future<R>{ \
-                return c->invoke<R>( name, make_tuple(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,a)) ); }; \
-        } 
-        BOOST_PP_REPEAT( 8, RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR, const )
-        BOOST_PP_REPEAT( 8, RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR, BOOST_PP_EMPTY() )
-        #undef RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR
+       #if BOOST_NO_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES
+         #define RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR(z,n,IS_CONST) \
+         template<typename R, typename C, typename P BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS( n, typename A)> \
+         static std::function<fc::future<R>( BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,A) ) > \
+             functor( P, R (C::*mem_func)(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,A)) IS_CONST,  \
+                       const rpc_connection::ptr& c = rpc_connection::ptr(), const char* name = nullptr ) { \
+             return [=](BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(n,A,a))->fc::future<R>{ \
+                 return c->invoke<R>( name, make_tuple(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,a)) ); }; \
+         } 
+         BOOST_PP_REPEAT( 8, RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR, const )
+         BOOST_PP_REPEAT( 8, RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR, BOOST_PP_EMPTY() )
+         #undef RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR
+
+       #else
+         template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
+         static std::function<fc::future<R>(Args...)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...), 
+                       const rpc_connection::ptr& c = rpc_connection::ptr(), const char* name = nullptr ) { 
+            return [=](Args... args)->fc::future<R>{ 
+                return c->invoke<R>( name, make_tuple(args...) ); }; 
+         }
+         template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
+         static std::function<fc::future<R>(Args...)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...)const,
+                       const rpc_connection::ptr& c = rpc_connection::ptr(), const char* name = nullptr ) { 
+            return [=](Args... args)->fc::future<R>{ 
+                return c->invoke<R>( name, make_tuple(args...) ); }; 
+         }
+       #endif
     };
 
     struct vtable_visitor {
diff --git a/include/fc/json_rpc_connection.hpp b/include/fc/json_rpc_connection.hpp
index 34a93ca..a968211 100644
--- a/include/fc/json_rpc_connection.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/json_rpc_connection.hpp
@@ -40,16 +40,13 @@ namespace fc {  namespace json {
     };
 
 
-    template<typename R, typename... Args>
+    template<typename R, typename ArgsTuple, typename Signature>
     struct rpc_server_method_impl : public rpc_server_method {
-      //static_assert( fc::is_tuple<Args>::type::value, "params should be a tuple" );
-      rpc_server_method_impl( const fc::function<R,Args...>& f ):func(f){} 
+      rpc_server_method_impl( const std::function<Signature>& f ):func(f){} 
       virtual value call( const value& v ) {
-       //      slog( "cast %s", typeid(Args).name() );
-        return value(  call_fused( func, fc::value_cast<fc::tuple<Args...> >( v ) ) ); 
-        //return value(  func( fc::value_cast<Args>( v ))  ); 
+        return value(  call_fused(func, fc::value_cast<ArgsTuple>( v ) ) ); 
       }
-      fc::function<R,Args...> func;
+      std::function<Signature> func;
     };
 
     template<typename InterfaceType>
@@ -57,8 +54,12 @@ namespace fc {  namespace json {
       public:
         add_method_visitor( const fc::ptr<InterfaceType>& p, fc::json::rpc_connection& c ):_ptr(p),_con(c){}
 
-        template<typename R, typename... Args>
-        void operator()( const char* name, fc::function<R,Args...>& meth);
+        template<typename R>
+        void operator()( const char* name, std::function<R()>& meth);
+        template<typename R, typename A1>
+        void operator()( const char* name, std::function<R(A1)>& meth);
+        template<typename R, typename A1, typename A2>
+        void operator()( const char* name, std::function<R(A1,A2)>& meth);
 
         const fc::ptr<InterfaceType>& _ptr;
         fc::json::rpc_connection&     _con;
@@ -92,12 +93,6 @@ namespace fc {  namespace json {
         return rtn;
       }
 
-      template<typename R, typename Args >
-      void add_method( const fc::string& name, const fc::function<R,Args>& a ) {
-         static_assert( is_tuple<Args>::type::value, "is tuple" );
-         this->add_method( name, rpc_server_method::ptr(new detail::rpc_server_method_impl<R,Args>(a) ) );
-      }
-
       template<typename InterfaceType>
       void add_interface( const fc::ptr<InterfaceType>& it ) {
         it->template visit<InterfaceType>( detail::add_method_visitor<InterfaceType>( it, *this ) );
@@ -125,10 +120,19 @@ namespace fc {  namespace json {
   namespace detail {
 
     template<typename InterfaceType>
-    template<typename R, typename... Args>
-    void add_method_visitor<InterfaceType>::operator()( const char* name, fc::function<R,Args...>& meth)    {
-        _con.add_method( name, rpc_server_method::ptr( 
-                              new rpc_server_method_impl<R,Args...>(meth) ) );
+    template<typename R, typename A1>
+    void add_method_visitor<InterfaceType>::operator()( const char* name, std::function<R(A1)>& meth)    {
+        _con.add_method( name, rpc_server_method::ptr( new rpc_server_method_impl<R,tuple<A1>,R(A1) >(meth) ) );
+    }
+    template<typename InterfaceType>
+    template<typename R, typename A1, typename A2>
+    void add_method_visitor<InterfaceType>::operator()( const char* name, std::function<R(A1,A2)>& meth)    {
+        _con.add_method( name, rpc_server_method::ptr( new rpc_server_method_impl<R,tuple<A1,A2>,R(A1,A2) >(meth) ) );
+    }
+    template<typename InterfaceType>
+    template<typename R>
+    void add_method_visitor<InterfaceType>::operator()( const char* name, std::function<R()>& meth)    {
+        _con.add_method( name, rpc_server_method::ptr( new rpc_server_method_impl<R,tuple<>,R() >(meth) ) );
     }
 
   } // namespace detail
diff --git a/include/fc/json_rpc_stream_connection.hpp b/include/fc/json_rpc_stream_connection.hpp
index 0b1e8af..b0dab25 100644
--- a/include/fc/json_rpc_stream_connection.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/json_rpc_stream_connection.hpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace fc {
       /**
        *  When the connection is closed, call the given method
        */
-      void on_close( const fc::function<void>& );
+      void on_close( const std::function<void()>& );
 
     protected:
       ~rpc_stream_connection();
diff --git a/include/fc/json_rpc_tcp_server.hpp b/include/fc/json_rpc_tcp_server.hpp
index 9e5e19d..7c334b8 100644
--- a/include/fc/json_rpc_tcp_server.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/json_rpc_tcp_server.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace fc {
             });
           }
 
-          void on_new_connection( const fc::function<void,rpc_connection&>& c );
+          void on_new_connection( const std::function<void(rpc_connection&)>& c );
 
           void listen( uint16_t port );
         
diff --git a/include/fc/ptr.hpp b/include/fc/ptr.hpp
index 92f0165..3e5cb62 100644
--- a/include/fc/ptr.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/ptr.hpp
@@ -1,15 +1,37 @@
 #pragma once 
-#include <fc/function.hpp>
+//#include <fc/function.hpp>
 #include <fc/future.hpp>
+#include <functional>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repeat.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_trailing_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/facilities/empty.hpp>
 
 namespace fc {
   
   namespace detail {
     struct identity_member { 
-        template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
-        static fc::function<R,Args...> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...) ) {
-          return fc::function<R,Args...>([=](Args... args){ return (p->*mem_func)(args...); });
-        }
+       #if  BOOST_NO_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES
+         #define RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR(z,n,IS_CONST) \
+         template<typename R, typename C, typename P BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS( n, typename A)> \
+         static std::function<R( BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,A) ) > \
+             functor( P p, R (C::*mem_func)(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,A)) IS_CONST ){  \
+           return [=](BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(n,A,a)){ return (p->*mem_func)(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,a)); }; \
+         } 
+         BOOST_PP_REPEAT( 8, RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR, const )
+         BOOST_PP_REPEAT( 8, RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR, BOOST_PP_EMPTY() )
+         #undef RPC_MEMBER_FUNCTOR
+       #else
+         template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
+         static std::function<R(Args...)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...) ) {
+           return std::function<R(Args...)>([=](Args... args){ return (p->*mem_func)(args...); });
+         }
+         template<typename R, typename C, typename P, typename... Args>
+         static std::function<R(Args...)> functor( P&& p, R (C::*mem_func)(Args...)const ) {
+           return std::function<R(Args...)>([=](Args... args){ return (p->*mem_func)(args...); });
+         }
+       #endif
     };
 
     template< typename Interface, typename Transform = detail::identity_member >
diff --git a/include/fc/ssh/client.hpp b/include/fc/ssh/client.hpp
index d0fd10f..17465af 100644
--- a/include/fc/ssh/client.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/ssh/client.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <fc/ssh/process.hpp>
-#include <fc/function.hpp>
+#include <functional>
 #include <fc/filesystem.hpp>
 
 namespace fc { 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace fc {
        *         transfer, the callback should return true.  To cancel the callback should return false.
        */
       void scp_send( const fc::path& local_path, const fc::path& remote_path, 
-                              fc::function<bool,size_t,size_t> progress = [](size_t,size_t){return true;} );
+                              std::function<bool(size_t,size_t)> progress = [](size_t,size_t){return true;} );
 
 
       /**
diff --git a/include/fc/tuple.hpp b/include/fc/tuple.hpp
index fb77a83..ed2653b 100644
--- a/include/fc/tuple.hpp
+++ b/include/fc/tuple.hpp
@@ -52,6 +52,21 @@ namespace fc {
     D d; 
   }; 
    */
+        template<BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS_WITH_A_DEFAULT(9, typename A, void)> struct tuple{};
+
+        template<>
+        struct tuple<> {
+          enum size_enum { size = 0 };
+          template<typename V> 
+          void visit( V&& v)const{};
+        };
+
+        inline tuple<> make_tuple(){ return tuple<>(); }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        struct is_tuple {
+          typedef fc::false_type type;
+        };
 
         #define RREF_PARAMS(z,n,data) BOOST_PP_CAT(AA,n)&& BOOST_PP_CAT(a,n)
         #define ILIST_PARAMS(z,n,data) BOOST_PP_CAT(a,n)( fc::forward<BOOST_PP_CAT(AA,n)>( BOOST_PP_CAT(a,n) ) )
@@ -83,9 +98,12 @@ namespace fc {
         auto call_fused( Functor f, Tuple&& t )  \
           -> decltype( f( BOOST_PP_ENUM( n, LIST_MEMBERS_ON, t) ) ) { \
           return f( BOOST_PP_ENUM( n, LIST_MEMBERS_ON, t) ); \
-        }
+        } \
+        template<BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS( n, typename AA)> \
+        struct is_tuple<fc::tuple<BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n,AA)> > { \
+          typedef fc::true_type type; \
+        };
 
-        template<BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS_WITH_A_DEFAULT(9, typename A, void)> struct tuple{};
         BOOST_PP_REPEAT_FROM_TO( 1, 8, TUPLE, unused )
 
 
@@ -98,101 +116,6 @@ namespace fc {
         #undef MEM_PARAMS
         #undef TUPLE
 
-        template<>
-        struct tuple<> {
-          enum size_enum { size = 0 };
-          template<typename V> 
-          void visit( V&& v)const{};
-        };
 
-        inline tuple<> make_tuple(){ return tuple<>(); }
-
-        template<typename T>
-        struct is_tuple {
-          typedef fc::false_type type;
-        };
-
-        template<typename... T>
-        struct is_tuple<fc::tuple<T...> > {
-          typedef fc::true_type type;
-        };
-
-
-
-  /*
-  template<typename A>
-  struct tuple<A,void> { 
-    enum size_enum { size = 1 };
-    template<typename AA>
-    tuple( AA&& aa ):a( fc::forward<AA>(aa) ){}
-    tuple( const tuple& t ):a(t.a){}
-    tuple( tuple&& t ):a(t.a){}
-    tuple(){}
-
-    template<typename V>
-    void visit( V&& v ) { v(a); }
-    template<typename V>
-    void visit( V&& v )const { v(a); }
-
-    A a; 
-  };
-
-  template<typename A, typename B>
-  struct tuple<A,B> { 
-    enum size_enum { size = 2 };
-
-    template<typename AA, typename BB>
-    tuple( AA&& aa, BB&& bb )
-    :a( fc::forward<AA>(aa) ),
-     b( fc::forward<BB>(bb) ){}
-
-    tuple(){}
-
-    template<typename V>
-    void visit( V&& v ) { v(a); v(b); }
-    template<typename V>
-    void visit( V&& v )const { v(a); v(b); }
-
-    A a; 
-    B b; 
-  };
-
-  template<typename A, typename B, typename C>
-  struct tuple<A, B, C > {
-    enum size_enum { size = 3 };
-    tuple(){}
-
-    template<typename AA, typename BB, typename CC>
-    tuple( AA&& aa, BB&& bb, CC&& cc )
-    :a( fc::forward<AA>(aa) ),
-     b( fc::forward<BB>(bb) ),
-     c( fc::forward<CC>(cc) )
-     {}
-
-    template<typename V>
-    void visit( V&& v ) { v(a); v(b); v(c); }
-    template<typename V>
-    void visit( V&& v )const { v(a); v(b); v(c); }
-
-    A a; 
-    B b; 
-    C c; 
-  };
-
-  tuple<> make_tuple();
-
-  template<typename A>
-  tuple<A> make_tuple(A&& a){ return tuple<A>( fc::forward<A>(a) ); }
-
-  template<typename A,typename B>
-  tuple<A,B> make_tuple(A&& a, B&& b){ return tuple<A,B>( fc::forward<A>(a), fc::forward<B>(b) ); }
-
-  template<typename A,typename B, typename C>
-  tuple<A,B,C> make_tuple(A&& a, B&& b, C&& c){ return tuple<A,B,C>( fc::forward<A>(a), fc::forward<B>(b), fc::forward<C>(c) ); }
-
-  template<typename A,typename B, typename C,typename D>
-  tuple<A,B,C> make_tuple(A&& a, B&& b, C&& c, D&& d){ 
-    return tuple<A,B,C,D>( fc::forward<A>(a), fc::forward<B>(b), fc::forward<C>(c), fc::forward<D>(d) ); 
-  }
-  */
 }
+
diff --git a/src/json_rpc_stream_connection.cpp b/src/json_rpc_stream_connection.cpp
index d88abb1..2c7e921 100644
--- a/src/json_rpc_stream_connection.cpp
+++ b/src/json_rpc_stream_connection.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace fc { namespace json {
       fc::istream&           in;
       fc::ostream&           out;
       rpc_stream_connection& self;
-      fc::function<void>     on_close;
+      std::function<void()>  on_close;
 
       impl( fc::istream& i, fc::ostream& o, rpc_stream_connection& s )
       :in(i),out(o),self(s){
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ namespace fc { namespace json {
   /**
    *  When the connection is closed, call the given method
    */
-  void rpc_stream_connection::on_close( const fc::function<void>& oc ) {
+  void rpc_stream_connection::on_close( const std::function<void()>& oc ) {
     my->on_close = oc;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/json_rpc_tcp_server.cpp b/src/json_rpc_tcp_server.cpp
index 3c64707..01f85b5 100644
--- a/src/json_rpc_tcp_server.cpp
+++ b/src/json_rpc_tcp_server.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ namespace fc {
   namespace json {
     class rpc_tcp_server::impl {
       public:
-        fc::function<void,rpc_connection&> on_con; 
-        fc::tcp_server                     tcp_serv;
-        fc::vector<rpc_tcp_connection::ptr> cons;
+        std::function<void(rpc_connection&)> on_con; 
+        fc::tcp_server                       tcp_serv;
+        fc::vector<rpc_tcp_connection::ptr>  cons;
     };
     rpc_tcp_server::rpc_tcp_server()
     :my( new impl() ){}
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace fc {
       delete my;
     }
 
-    void rpc_tcp_server::on_new_connection( const fc::function<void,rpc_connection&>& c ) {
+    void rpc_tcp_server::on_new_connection( const std::function<void(rpc_connection&)>& c ) {
       my->on_con = c;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/ssh.cpp b/src/ssh.cpp
index c3a9976..eb8f6aa 100644
--- a/src/ssh.cpp
+++ b/src/ssh.cpp
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ namespace fc { namespace ssh {
   }
 
   void client::scp_send( const fc::path& local_path, const fc::path& remote_path, 
-                        fc::function<bool,size_t,size_t> progress ) {
+                        std::function<bool(size_t,size_t)> progress ) {
     /**
      *  Tests have shown that if one scp is 'blocked' by a need to read (presumably to 
      *  ack recv for the trx window), and then a second transfer begins that the first